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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 71(1)dic. 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449502

Résumé

Introduction: Morphological parameters of flowering are fundamental in the reproductive process of plants, but this subject is poorly explored in the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale. Objective: To determine the influence of the flowering and harvest period on floral parameters, and to identify association with hermaphrodite flowers in the dwarf cashew. Methods: For the 2018 and 2019 harvests in 120 samples we measured number of male/hermaphrodite/abnormal flowers; panicle biomass, length, maximum width, and ramifications at 30, 45 and 60 days for 360 samples in total. Results: The harvest effect was not significant. Panicle length and width (at 30 days), had the greatest contributions to the production of hermaphrodite flowers. The presence of male flowers (at 45 days), and the panicle length and number of primary branches (at 60 days) were the main factors at their respective periods. Conclusions: The emission of hermaphrodite flowers responds negatively to male flowers. Variations in flowering compromise the production of hermaphrodite flowers and the flowering structure.


Introducción: Parámetros morfológicos de la floración son fundamentales en el proceso reproductivo de las plantas, sin embargo, el tema es poco explorado en el árbol de marañón Anacardium occidentale. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la floración y periodos de cosecha sobre parámetros florales, e identificar asociaciones con flores hermafroditas en el marañón enano. Métodos: Para las cosechas de 2018 y 2019 en 120 muestras, medimos el número de flores masculinas/hermafroditas/anormales; biomasa de panícula, largo, ancho máximo, y ramificaciones a los 30, 45 y 60 días, un total de 360 muestras. Resultados: El efecto de la cosecha fue insignificante. Longitud y ancho de la panícula (a los 30 días), tuvo la mayor contribución a la producción de flores hermafroditas. La presencia de flores masculinas (a los 45 días), y el largo de panícula y número de ramas primarias (a los 60 días) fueron los principales factores en sus periodos respectivos. Conclusiones: La emisión de flores hermafroditas responde negativamente a flores masculinas. Variaciones en la floración afecta la producción de flores hermafroditas y estructura de floración.

2.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(1): 60-65, jan. 2013.
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-659677

Résumé

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between heterosis and genetic divergence for phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) in tropical maize. It was used two groups of genitors, each consisting of seven lines, contrasting with each other in the nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency. It was obtained 41 hybrid combinations between these groups, which were evaluated in low phosphorus. Randomized complete block design with two replications was used. For obtaining the components of variance and the breeding values were used REML/BLUP method. In the genotyping of the parental lines were used 80 microsatellite markers. Through the correlation between genetic distance obtained by the markers and specific combining ability it was not possible to determine with accuracy by molecular markers, the crosses that produced hybrids with the highest heterosis for PUE. Thus, is possible to conclude that there is no relationship between genetic divergence and heterosis for phosphorus use efficiency and its components in tropical maize.


O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a relação entre divergência genética e heterose para a eficiência no uso de fósforo (EUP) em milho tropical. Utilizaram-se dois grupos de genitores, compostos de sete linhagens cada, contrastantes entre si para as eficiências no uso de nitrogênio e fósforo. Foram obtidas 41 combinações híbridas entre esses grupos, as quais foram avaliadas em baixo fósforo. Usou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições. A obtenção dos componentes de variância e valores genéticos foi realizada via REML/BLUP e, para genotipagem das linhagens genitoras, foram utilizados 80 marcadores microssatélites. Através da correlação entre a distância genética obtida pelos marcadores e a capacidade específica de combinação, observou-se não ser possível a determinação com acurácia, via marcadores moleculares, dos cruzamentos que produziram os híbridos com as maiores heteroses para EUP. Com isso, é possível concluir que não há relação entre divergência genética e heterose para eficiência no uso de fósforo e seus componentes em milho tropical.

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